The isinstance function checks whether an object is an instance of a class or of a subclass thereof:class A: passclass B(A): passb = B()isinstance(b

The isinstance function checks whether an object is an instance of a class or of a subclass thereof:

class A: pass
class B(A): pass
b = B()
isinstance(b, B) # True
isinstance(b, A) # True
isinstance(b, object) # True
isinstance(b, str) # False
isinstance(str, type) # True

Type-checkers understand isinstance checks and use them to refine the type:

a: object
reveal_type(a)
# ^ Revealed type is "builtins.object"
if isinstance(a, str):
    reveal_type(a)
    # ^ Revealed type is "builtins.str"

One more cool thing about isinstance is that you can pass in it a tuple of types to check if the object is an instance of any of them:

isinstance(1, (str, int)) # True

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tg-me.com/pythonetc/714

Create: 2023-01-03
Last Update: 2024-06-05 04:22:37

The isinstance function checks whether an object is an instance of a class or of a subclass thereof:

class A: pass
class B(A): pass
b = B()
isinstance(b, B) # True
isinstance(b, A) # True
isinstance(b, object) # True
isinstance(b, str) # False
isinstance(str, type) # True

Type-checkers understand isinstance checks and use them to refine the type:

a: object
reveal_type(a)
# ^ Revealed type is "builtins.object"
if isinstance(a, str):
    reveal_type(a)
    # ^ Revealed type is "builtins.str"

One more cool thing about isinstance is that you can pass in it a tuple of types to check if the object is an instance of any of them:

isinstance(1, (str, int)) # True

BY Python etc

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Python etc Telegram | DID YOU KNOW?

Date: 2024-06-05| Python etc

What is Secret Chats of Telegram

Secret Chats are one of the service’s additional security features; it allows messages to be sent with client-to-client encryption. This setup means that, unlike regular messages, these secret messages can only be accessed from the device’s that initiated and accepted the chat. Additionally, Telegram notes that secret chats leave no trace on the company’s services and offer a self-destruct timer.

What Is Bitcoin?

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that you can buy, sell and exchange directly, without an intermediary like a bank. Bitcoin’s creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, originally described the need for “an electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust.” Each and every Bitcoin transaction that’s ever been made exists on a public ledger accessible to everyone, making transactions hard to reverse and difficult to fake. That’s by design: Core to their decentralized nature, Bitcoins aren’t backed by the government or any issuing institution, and there’s nothing to guarantee their value besides the proof baked in the heart of the system. “The reason why it’s worth money is simply because we, as people, decided it has value—same as gold,” says Anton Mozgovoy, co-founder & CEO of digital financial service company Holyheld.